Environmental friendly application of ultrasonic rays for extraction of natural colorant from Harmal (<i>P. harmala</i>) for dyeing of bio-mordanted silk

Global heat, carcinogenic, and viral diseases created due to industrial pollutants has led people shift toward natural products particularly dyes in all walks of life. In this study, U.S. rays up-to 60 min, were used extract the color aqueous medium employed onto silk fabric at selected conditions. It been observed that good strength found when 30 mL acidic ( pH = 4.0) obtained from 6.0 g Harmal powder containing 3.0 g/100 salt as an exhausting agent was US treated 65ºC for 55 min. The utilization 7% pomegranate post-bio-mordant, 3% acacia meta-bio-mordant, henna meta-bio-mordants given excellent strength. comparison, 5% Al meta mordant, Fe pre tannic acid meta-mordant better results. ISO standard methods fastness optimum mordanted dyed fabrics have well ratings. Hence, colorant extracted seeds coloring efficacy dye under sustainable conditions, whereas addition eco-friendly mordants shade development process made coloration more with improved colorfastness properties.